TY - JOUR
T1 - The negative and detrimental effects of high fructose on the liver, with special reference to metabolic disorders
AU - Mai, Brandon H.
AU - Yan, Liang Jun
N1 - Funding Information:
The writing of this article was supported in part by University of North Texas Health Science Center intramural grants RI 10015 (LJY) and RI10039 (LJY) and by the National Institutes of Health grant R01NS079792 (LJY). This paper is the outcome of a special topics in pharmacy research course (PHAR 7375) offered by the corresponding author in the College of Pharmacy at University of North Texas Health Science Center.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Mai and Yan.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - The increased consumption of fructose in the average diet through sweeteners such as high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and sucrose has resulted in negative outcomes in society through producing a considerable economic and medical burden on our healthcare system. Ingestion of fructose chronically has contributed to multiple health consequences, such as insulin resistance, obesity, liver disorders, and diabetes. Fructose metabolism starts with fructose phosphorylation by fructose kinase in the liver, and this process is not feedback regulated. Therefore, ingestion of high fructose can deplete ATP, increase uric acid production, and increase nucleotide turnover. This review focuses the discussion on the hepatic manifestations of high fructose-implicated liver metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, obesity due to enhanced lipogenesis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and type 2 diabetes. The detrimental effects of high fructose on the liver, contributed potentially by microbiome and leptin, were also discussed. The authors believe that, together with diet management, further studies focusing on disrupting or blocking fructose metabolism in the liver may help with designing novel strategies for prevention and treatment of fructose-induced chronic liver metabolic diseases.
AB - The increased consumption of fructose in the average diet through sweeteners such as high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and sucrose has resulted in negative outcomes in society through producing a considerable economic and medical burden on our healthcare system. Ingestion of fructose chronically has contributed to multiple health consequences, such as insulin resistance, obesity, liver disorders, and diabetes. Fructose metabolism starts with fructose phosphorylation by fructose kinase in the liver, and this process is not feedback regulated. Therefore, ingestion of high fructose can deplete ATP, increase uric acid production, and increase nucleotide turnover. This review focuses the discussion on the hepatic manifestations of high fructose-implicated liver metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, obesity due to enhanced lipogenesis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and type 2 diabetes. The detrimental effects of high fructose on the liver, contributed potentially by microbiome and leptin, were also discussed. The authors believe that, together with diet management, further studies focusing on disrupting or blocking fructose metabolism in the liver may help with designing novel strategies for prevention and treatment of fructose-induced chronic liver metabolic diseases.
KW - Fructose
KW - Liver
KW - Metabolic syndrome
KW - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
KW - Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85067560535&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2147/DMSO.S198968
DO - 10.2147/DMSO.S198968
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85067560535
SN - 1178-7007
VL - 12
SP - 821
EP - 826
JO - Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy
JF - Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy
ER -