TY - JOUR
T1 - The heritable path of human physical performance
T2 - From single polymorphisms to the "next generation"
AU - Santos, C. G.M.
AU - Pimentel-Coelho, P. M.
AU - Budowle, B.
AU - de Moura-Neto, R. S.
AU - Dornelas-Ribeiro, M.
AU - Pompeu, F. A.M.S.
AU - Silva, R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
PY - 2016/6/1
Y1 - 2016/6/1
N2 - Human physical performance is a complex multifactorial trait. Historically, environmental factors (e.g., diet, training) alone have been unable to explain the basis of all prominent phenotypes for physical performance. Therefore, there has been an interest in the study of the contribution of genetic factors to the development of these phenotypes. Support for a genetic component is found with studies that shown that monozygotic twins were more similar than were dizygotic twins for many physiological traits. The evolution of molecular techniques and the ability to scan the entire human genome enabled association of several genetic polymorphisms with performance. However, some biases related to the selection of cohorts and inadequate definition of the study variables have complicated the already difficult task of studying such a large and polymorphic genome, often resulting in inconsistent results about the influence of candidate genes. This review aims to provide a critical overview of heritable genetic aspects. Novel molecular technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, are discussed and how they can contribute to improving understanding of the molecular basis for athletic performance. It is important to ensure that the large amount of data that can be generated using these tools will be used effectively by ensuring well-designed studies.
AB - Human physical performance is a complex multifactorial trait. Historically, environmental factors (e.g., diet, training) alone have been unable to explain the basis of all prominent phenotypes for physical performance. Therefore, there has been an interest in the study of the contribution of genetic factors to the development of these phenotypes. Support for a genetic component is found with studies that shown that monozygotic twins were more similar than were dizygotic twins for many physiological traits. The evolution of molecular techniques and the ability to scan the entire human genome enabled association of several genetic polymorphisms with performance. However, some biases related to the selection of cohorts and inadequate definition of the study variables have complicated the already difficult task of studying such a large and polymorphic genome, often resulting in inconsistent results about the influence of candidate genes. This review aims to provide a critical overview of heritable genetic aspects. Novel molecular technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, are discussed and how they can contribute to improving understanding of the molecular basis for athletic performance. It is important to ensure that the large amount of data that can be generated using these tools will be used effectively by ensuring well-designed studies.
KW - Genetic
KW - Genomic
KW - Heritability
KW - Next-generation sequencing
KW - Physical performance
KW - Polymorphisms
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84935075997&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/sms.12503
DO - 10.1111/sms.12503
M3 - Review article
C2 - 26147924
AN - SCOPUS:84935075997
SN - 0905-7188
VL - 26
SP - 600
EP - 612
JO - Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports
JF - Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports
IS - 6
ER -