TY - JOUR
T1 - The central sensitization inventory (CSI)
T2 - Establishing clinically significant values for identifying central sensitivity syndromes in an outpatient chronic pain sample
AU - Neblett, Randy
AU - Cohen, Howard
AU - Choi, Yunhee
AU - Hartzell, Meredith M.
AU - Williams, Mark
AU - Mayer, Tom G.
AU - Gatchel, Robert J.
N1 - Funding Information:
This paper has, in part, been possible by a grant from the National Institutes of Health ( 1UO1 DEO10713-12A2 ).
PY - 2013/5
Y1 - 2013/5
N2 - Central sensitization (CS) is a proposed physiological phenomenon in which central nervous system neurons become hyperexcitable, resulting in hypersensitivity to both noxious and non-noxious stimuli. The term central sensitivity syndrome (CSS) describes a group of medically indistinct (or nonspecific) disorders, such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome, for which CS may be a common etiology. In a previous study, the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) was introduced as a screening instrument for clinicians to help identify patients with a CSS. It was found to have high reliability and validity (test-retest reliability = .82; Cronbach's alpha = .88). The present study investigated a cohort of 121 patients who were referred to a multidisciplinary pain center, which specializes in the assessment and treatment of complex pain and psychophysiological disorders, including CSSs. A large percentage of patients (n = 89, 74%) met clinical criteria for one or more CSSs, and CSI scores were positively correlated with the number of diagnosed CSSs. A receiver operating characteristic analysis determined that a CSI score of 40 out of 100 best distinguished between the CSS patient group and a nonpatient comparison sample (N = 129) (area under the curve = .86, sensitivity = 81%, specificity = 75%). Perspective: The CSI is a new self-report screening instrument to help identify patients with CSSs, including fibromyalgia. The present study investigated CSI scores in a heterogeneous pain population with a large percentage of CSSs, and a normative nonclinical sample to determine a clinically relevant cutoff value.
AB - Central sensitization (CS) is a proposed physiological phenomenon in which central nervous system neurons become hyperexcitable, resulting in hypersensitivity to both noxious and non-noxious stimuli. The term central sensitivity syndrome (CSS) describes a group of medically indistinct (or nonspecific) disorders, such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome, for which CS may be a common etiology. In a previous study, the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) was introduced as a screening instrument for clinicians to help identify patients with a CSS. It was found to have high reliability and validity (test-retest reliability = .82; Cronbach's alpha = .88). The present study investigated a cohort of 121 patients who were referred to a multidisciplinary pain center, which specializes in the assessment and treatment of complex pain and psychophysiological disorders, including CSSs. A large percentage of patients (n = 89, 74%) met clinical criteria for one or more CSSs, and CSI scores were positively correlated with the number of diagnosed CSSs. A receiver operating characteristic analysis determined that a CSI score of 40 out of 100 best distinguished between the CSS patient group and a nonpatient comparison sample (N = 129) (area under the curve = .86, sensitivity = 81%, specificity = 75%). Perspective: The CSI is a new self-report screening instrument to help identify patients with CSSs, including fibromyalgia. The present study investigated CSI scores in a heterogeneous pain population with a large percentage of CSSs, and a normative nonclinical sample to determine a clinically relevant cutoff value.
KW - Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI)
KW - central sensitivity syndrome
KW - chronic widespread pain
KW - fibromyalgia
KW - irritable bowel syndrome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84876966634&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.11.012
DO - 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.11.012
M3 - Article
C2 - 23490634
AN - SCOPUS:84876966634
SN - 1526-5900
VL - 14
SP - 438
EP - 445
JO - Journal of Pain
JF - Journal of Pain
IS - 5
ER -