TY - JOUR
T1 - The cardiovascular system after exercise
AU - Romero, Steven A.
AU - Minson, Christopher T.
AU - Halliwill, Xjohn R.
N1 - Funding Information:
Support for this work was provide by National Institutes of Health Grants HL-115027 and GM-117693.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Recovery from exercise refers to the time period between the end of a bout of exercise and the subsequent return to a resting or recovered state. It also refers to specific physiological processes or states occurring after exercise that are distinct from the physiology of either the exercising or the resting states. In this context, recovery of the cardiovascular system after exercise occurs across a period of minutes to hours, during which many characteristics of the system, even how it is controlled, change over time. Some of these changes may be necessary for long-term adaptation to exercise training, yet some can lead to cardiovascular instability during recovery. Furthermore, some of these changes may provide insight into when the cardiovascular system has recovered from prior training and is physiologically ready for additional training stress. This review focuses on the most consistently observed hemodynamic adjustments and the underlying causes that drive cardiovascular recovery and will highlight how they differ following resistance and aerobic exercise. Primary emphasis will be placed on the hypotensive effect of aerobic and resistance exercise and associated mechanisms that have clinical relevance, but if left unchecked, can progress to symptomatic hypotension and syncope. Finally, we focus on the practical application of this information to strategies to maximize the benefits of cardiovascular recovery, or minimize the vulnerabilities of this state. We will explore appropriate field measures, and discuss to what extent these can guide an athlete's training.
AB - Recovery from exercise refers to the time period between the end of a bout of exercise and the subsequent return to a resting or recovered state. It also refers to specific physiological processes or states occurring after exercise that are distinct from the physiology of either the exercising or the resting states. In this context, recovery of the cardiovascular system after exercise occurs across a period of minutes to hours, during which many characteristics of the system, even how it is controlled, change over time. Some of these changes may be necessary for long-term adaptation to exercise training, yet some can lead to cardiovascular instability during recovery. Furthermore, some of these changes may provide insight into when the cardiovascular system has recovered from prior training and is physiologically ready for additional training stress. This review focuses on the most consistently observed hemodynamic adjustments and the underlying causes that drive cardiovascular recovery and will highlight how they differ following resistance and aerobic exercise. Primary emphasis will be placed on the hypotensive effect of aerobic and resistance exercise and associated mechanisms that have clinical relevance, but if left unchecked, can progress to symptomatic hypotension and syncope. Finally, we focus on the practical application of this information to strategies to maximize the benefits of cardiovascular recovery, or minimize the vulnerabilities of this state. We will explore appropriate field measures, and discuss to what extent these can guide an athlete's training.
KW - Athletic performance
KW - Blood flow
KW - Blood pressure
KW - Heart rate
KW - Recovery
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85035052002&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00802.2016
DO - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00802.2016
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28153943
AN - SCOPUS:85035052002
SN - 8750-7587
VL - 122
SP - 925
EP - 932
JO - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF - Journal of Applied Physiology
IS - 4
ER -