TY - JOUR
T1 - Prescription opioid use during pregnancy and risk for preterm birth or term low birthweight
AU - Interrante, Julia D.
AU - Scroggs, Stacey L.P.
AU - Hogue, Carol J.
AU - Friedman, Jan M.
AU - Reefhuis, Jennita
AU - Jann, Michael W.
AU - Broussard, Cheryl S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and CDC. The authors thank the participating families, scientists, and staff from all of the NBDPS sites. The authors wish to thank Dr. Margaret Honein for her contributions to this project.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Journal of Opioid Management, All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - Objective: Examine the relationship between prescription opioid analgesic use during pregnancy and preterm birth or term low birthweight. Design, setting, and participants: We analyzed data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a US multisite, population-based study, for births from 1997 to 2011. We defined exposure as self-reported prescription opioid use between one month before conception and the end of pregnancy, and we dichotomized opioid use duration by ≤7 days and >7 days. Main outcome measures: We examined the association between opioid use and preterm birth (defined as gestational age <37 weeks) and term low birthweight (defined as <2500 g at gestational age ≥37 weeks). Results: Among 10,491 singleton mother/infant pairs, 470 (4.5 percent) reported opioid use. Among women reporting opioid use, 236 (50 percent) used opioids for > 7 days; codeine (170, 36 percent) and hydrocodone (163, 35 percent) were the most commonly reported opioids. Opioid use was associated with slightly increased risk for preterm birth [adjusted odds ratio, 1.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0, 1.9], particularly with hydrocodone [1.6; 1.0, 2.6], meperidine [2.5; 1.2, 5.2], or morphine [3.0; 1.5, 6.1] use for any duration; however, opioid use was not significantly associated with term low birthweight. Conclusions: Preterm birth occurred more frequently among infants of women reporting prescription opioid use during pregnancy. However, we could not determine if these risks relate to the drug or to indications for use. Patients who use opioids during pregnancy should be counseled by their practitioners about this and other potential risks associated with opioid use in pregnancy.
AB - Objective: Examine the relationship between prescription opioid analgesic use during pregnancy and preterm birth or term low birthweight. Design, setting, and participants: We analyzed data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a US multisite, population-based study, for births from 1997 to 2011. We defined exposure as self-reported prescription opioid use between one month before conception and the end of pregnancy, and we dichotomized opioid use duration by ≤7 days and >7 days. Main outcome measures: We examined the association between opioid use and preterm birth (defined as gestational age <37 weeks) and term low birthweight (defined as <2500 g at gestational age ≥37 weeks). Results: Among 10,491 singleton mother/infant pairs, 470 (4.5 percent) reported opioid use. Among women reporting opioid use, 236 (50 percent) used opioids for > 7 days; codeine (170, 36 percent) and hydrocodone (163, 35 percent) were the most commonly reported opioids. Opioid use was associated with slightly increased risk for preterm birth [adjusted odds ratio, 1.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0, 1.9], particularly with hydrocodone [1.6; 1.0, 2.6], meperidine [2.5; 1.2, 5.2], or morphine [3.0; 1.5, 6.1] use for any duration; however, opioid use was not significantly associated with term low birthweight. Conclusions: Preterm birth occurred more frequently among infants of women reporting prescription opioid use during pregnancy. However, we could not determine if these risks relate to the drug or to indications for use. Patients who use opioids during pregnancy should be counseled by their practitioners about this and other potential risks associated with opioid use in pregnancy.
KW - Analgesics
KW - Infant
KW - Low birthweight
KW - Opioid
KW - Pregnancy
KW - Premature birth
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85112125746&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5055/JOM.2021.0632
DO - 10.5055/JOM.2021.0632
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34259333
AN - SCOPUS:85112125746
SN - 1551-7489
VL - 17
SP - 215
EP - 225
JO - Journal of Opioid Management
JF - Journal of Opioid Management
IS - 3
ER -