Potential mechanisms of transplanted cell-mediated recovery after stroke

The underlying mechanisms of transplanted cell-mediated recovery after stroke have received increased attention over the last decade. In this chapter, we review some of the well-known mechanisms in detail and what the more recent findings and relevant clinical trials are suggesting. We also highlight pertinent reports in order to inform the reader of current opportunities and challenges with regard to the following potential mechanisms: (1) functional integration with the existing brain circuitry; (2) neuroprotection through trophic factor secretion; (3) increased formation of new vasculature; (4) structural and functional changes to the brain; and (5) recruitment of endogenous progenitors.