TY - JOUR
T1 - Pathogenesis of Keratoconus
T2 - The intriguing therapeutic potential of Prolactin-inducible protein
AU - Sharif, Rabab
AU - Bak-Nielsen, Sashia
AU - Hjortdal, Jesper
AU - Karamichos, Dimitrios
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health and the National Eye Institute [ EY028888 ], and an unrestricted grant (Dean McGee Eye Institute) from the Research to Prevent Blindness . The authors thank Sarah Nicholas for the useful discussions and advice. The funders have no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2018/11
Y1 - 2018/11
N2 - Keratoconus (KC) is the most common ectatic corneal disease, with clinical findings that include discomfort, visual disturbance and possible blindness if left untreated. KC affects approximately 1:400 to 1:2000 people worldwide, including both males and females. The aetiology and onset of KC remains a puzzle and as a result, the ability to treat or reverse the disease is hampered. Sex hormones are known to play a role in the maintenance of the structure and integrity of the human cornea. Hormone levels have been reported to alter corneal thickness, curvature, and sensitivity during different times of menstrual cycle. Surprisingly, the role of sex hormones in corneal diseases and KC has been largely neglected. Prolactin-induced protein, known to be regulated by sex hormones, is a new KC biomarker that has been recently proposed. Studies herein discuss the role of sex hormones as a control mechanism for KC onset and progression and evidence supporting the view that prolactin-induced protein is an important hormonally regulated biomarker in KC is discussed.
AB - Keratoconus (KC) is the most common ectatic corneal disease, with clinical findings that include discomfort, visual disturbance and possible blindness if left untreated. KC affects approximately 1:400 to 1:2000 people worldwide, including both males and females. The aetiology and onset of KC remains a puzzle and as a result, the ability to treat or reverse the disease is hampered. Sex hormones are known to play a role in the maintenance of the structure and integrity of the human cornea. Hormone levels have been reported to alter corneal thickness, curvature, and sensitivity during different times of menstrual cycle. Surprisingly, the role of sex hormones in corneal diseases and KC has been largely neglected. Prolactin-induced protein, known to be regulated by sex hormones, is a new KC biomarker that has been recently proposed. Studies herein discuss the role of sex hormones as a control mechanism for KC onset and progression and evidence supporting the view that prolactin-induced protein is an important hormonally regulated biomarker in KC is discussed.
KW - Bodily fluids
KW - Human cornea
KW - Keratoconus
KW - Prolactin-induced protein
KW - Sex hormones
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85049757536&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.05.002
DO - 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.05.002
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29758268
AN - SCOPUS:85049757536
SN - 1350-9462
VL - 67
SP - 150
EP - 167
JO - Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
JF - Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
ER -