TY - JOUR
T1 - New trends in photobiology. Gigahertz frequency-domain fluorometry
T2 - Resolution of complex decays, picosecond processes and future developments
AU - Lakowicz, Joseph R.
AU - Laczko, Gabor
AU - Gryczynski, Ignacy
AU - Szmacinski, Henryk
AU - Wiczk, Wieslaw
PY - 1988/11
Y1 - 1988/11
N2 - We describe the principles, instrumentation and applications of frequency-domain fluorescence spectroscopy. This method is useful for the resolution of multi-exponential decays and complex anisotropy decays on the picosecond timescale. The present instrumentation allows measurements to 2 GHz, which has been used to measure rotational correlation times as short as 7 ps. In the future it may be possible to extend the frequency range to 10 GHz, which should allow still faster processes to be quantified. It should be emphasized that resolution of fast processes is not obtained at the expense of losing information on the nanosecond timescale. Additionally, the GHz frequency-domain measurements are performed using low excitation intensities, which do not damage the samples.
AB - We describe the principles, instrumentation and applications of frequency-domain fluorescence spectroscopy. This method is useful for the resolution of multi-exponential decays and complex anisotropy decays on the picosecond timescale. The present instrumentation allows measurements to 2 GHz, which has been used to measure rotational correlation times as short as 7 ps. In the future it may be possible to extend the frequency range to 10 GHz, which should allow still faster processes to be quantified. It should be emphasized that resolution of fast processes is not obtained at the expense of losing information on the nanosecond timescale. Additionally, the GHz frequency-domain measurements are performed using low excitation intensities, which do not damage the samples.
KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy
KW - dynamic processes.
KW - frequency-domain fluorometry
KW - harmonic-content fluorometry
KW - lasers
KW - luminescence
KW - time-resolved fluorescences
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0024120359&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/1011-1344(88)85050-4
DO - 10.1016/1011-1344(88)85050-4
M3 - Review article
C2 - 3148695
AN - SCOPUS:0024120359
SN - 1011-1344
VL - 2
SP - 295
EP - 311
JO - Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology
JF - Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology
IS - 3
ER -