TY - JOUR
T1 - Lymphatic pump manipulation mobilizes inflammatory mediators into lymphatic circulation
AU - Schander, Artur
AU - Fred Downey, H.
AU - Hodge, Lisa M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health, grants R01 AT004361 (LMH) and U19 AT002023 (HFD). The authors thank the Osteopathic Heritage Foundation for their continued support of the Basic Science Research Chair (LMH). The authors would also like to thank Arthur Williams Jr and Linda Howard for assistance in the animal surgery, and Jamie Huff and Xin Zhang for help in the preparation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and multiplex assays.
PY - 2012/1
Y1 - 2012/1
N2 - Lymph stasis can result in edema and the accumulation of particulate matter, exudates, toxins and bacteria in tissue interstitial fluid, leading to inflammation, impaired immune cell trafficking, tissue hypoxia, tissue fibrosis and a variety of diseases. Previously, we demonstrated that osteopathic lymphatic pump techniques (LPTs) significantly increased thoracic and intestinal duct lymph flow. The purpose of this study was to determine if LPT would mobilize inflammatory mediators into the lymphatic circulation. Under anesthesia, thoracic or intestinal lymph of dogs was collected at resting (pre-LPT), during four minutes of LPT, and for 10 min following LPT (post-LPT), and the lymphatic concentrations of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-g, tissue necrosis factor α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), keratinocyte chemoattractant, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitrotyrosine (NT) were measured. LPT significantly increased MCP-1 concentrations in thoracic duct lymph. Further, LPT increased both thoracic and intestinal duct lymph flux of cytokines and chemokines as compared with their respective pre-LPT flux. In addition, LPT increased lymphatic flux of SOD and NT. Ten minutes following cessation of LPT, thoracic and intestinal lymph flux of cytokines, chemokines, NT and SOD were similar to pre-LPT, demonstrating that their flux was transient and a response to LPT. This re-distribution of inflammatory mediators during LPT may provide scientific rationale for the clinical use of LPT to enhance immunity and treat infection.
AB - Lymph stasis can result in edema and the accumulation of particulate matter, exudates, toxins and bacteria in tissue interstitial fluid, leading to inflammation, impaired immune cell trafficking, tissue hypoxia, tissue fibrosis and a variety of diseases. Previously, we demonstrated that osteopathic lymphatic pump techniques (LPTs) significantly increased thoracic and intestinal duct lymph flow. The purpose of this study was to determine if LPT would mobilize inflammatory mediators into the lymphatic circulation. Under anesthesia, thoracic or intestinal lymph of dogs was collected at resting (pre-LPT), during four minutes of LPT, and for 10 min following LPT (post-LPT), and the lymphatic concentrations of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-g, tissue necrosis factor α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), keratinocyte chemoattractant, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitrotyrosine (NT) were measured. LPT significantly increased MCP-1 concentrations in thoracic duct lymph. Further, LPT increased both thoracic and intestinal duct lymph flux of cytokines and chemokines as compared with their respective pre-LPT flux. In addition, LPT increased lymphatic flux of SOD and NT. Ten minutes following cessation of LPT, thoracic and intestinal lymph flux of cytokines, chemokines, NT and SOD were similar to pre-LPT, demonstrating that their flux was transient and a response to LPT. This re-distribution of inflammatory mediators during LPT may provide scientific rationale for the clinical use of LPT to enhance immunity and treat infection.
KW - Chemokines
KW - Cytokines
KW - Edema
KW - Immune system
KW - Immunity
KW - Infection
KW - Inflammatory mediators
KW - Lymph
KW - Lymphatic pump technique
KW - Mesenteric duct lymph
KW - Osteopathic manipulative medicine
KW - Reactive nitrogen species
KW - Reactive oxygen species
KW - Thoracic duct lymph
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84855822492&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1258/ebm.2011.011220
DO - 10.1258/ebm.2011.011220
M3 - Article
C2 - 22169162
AN - SCOPUS:84855822492
SN - 1535-3702
VL - 237
SP - 58
EP - 63
JO - Experimental Biology and Medicine
JF - Experimental Biology and Medicine
IS - 1
ER -