Abstract
PURPOSE. The a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPAR) subunits can be posttranscriptionally modified by alternative splicing forming flip and flop isoforms. We determined if an ischemia-like insult to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) increases AMPAR susceptibility to s-AMPA–mediated excitotoxicity through changes in posttranscriptional modified isoforms. METHODS. Purified neonatal rat RGCs were subjected to either glucose deprivation (GD) or oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions followed by treatment with either 100 lM s- AMPA or Kainic acid. A live–dead assay and caspase 3 assay was used to assess cell viability and apoptotic changes, respectively. We used JC-1 dye and dihydroethidium to measure mitochondria depolarization and reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. Calcium imaging with fura-2AM was used to determine intracellular calcium, while the fluorescentlylabeled probe, Nanoprobe1, was used to detect calcium-permeable AMPARs. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis was done to determine RNA editing sites AMPAR isoforms. RESULTS. Glucose deprivation, as well as an OGD insult followed by AMPAR stimulation, produced a significant increase in RGC death. Retinal ganglion cell death was independent of caspase 3/7 activity, but was accompanied by increased mitochondrial depolarization and increased ROS production. This was associated with an elevated intracellular Ca2+ and calcium permeable-AMPARs. The mRNA expression of GLUA2 and GLUA3 flop isoform decreased significantly, while no appreciable changes were found in the corresponding flip isoforms. There were no changes in the Q/R editing of GLUA2, while R/G editing of GLUA2 flop declined under these conditions. CONCLUSIONS. Following oxidative injury, RGCs become more susceptible to AMPAR-mediated excitotoxicity. RNA editing and changes in alternative spliced flip and flop isoforms of AMPAR subunits may contribute to increased RGC death.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 508-526 |
| Number of pages | 19 |
| Journal | Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science |
| Volume | 57 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Feb 2016 |
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Keywords
- ADAR proteins
- AMPA
- Cell death
- Flip/flop isoforms
- RGCs
Cite this
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Involvement of ampa receptor and its flip and flop isoforms in retinal ganglion cell death following oxygen/glucose deprivation. / Park, Yong H.; Broyles, Heather V.; He, Shaoqing; McGrady, Nolan R.; Li, Linya; Yorio, Thomas.
In: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Vol. 57, No. 2, 02.2016, p. 508-526.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Involvement of ampa receptor and its flip and flop isoforms in retinal ganglion cell death following oxygen/glucose deprivation
AU - Park, Yong H.
AU - Broyles, Heather V.
AU - He, Shaoqing
AU - McGrady, Nolan R.
AU - Li, Linya
AU - Yorio, Thomas
PY - 2016/2
Y1 - 2016/2
N2 - PURPOSE. The a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPAR) subunits can be posttranscriptionally modified by alternative splicing forming flip and flop isoforms. We determined if an ischemia-like insult to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) increases AMPAR susceptibility to s-AMPA–mediated excitotoxicity through changes in posttranscriptional modified isoforms. METHODS. Purified neonatal rat RGCs were subjected to either glucose deprivation (GD) or oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions followed by treatment with either 100 lM s- AMPA or Kainic acid. A live–dead assay and caspase 3 assay was used to assess cell viability and apoptotic changes, respectively. We used JC-1 dye and dihydroethidium to measure mitochondria depolarization and reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. Calcium imaging with fura-2AM was used to determine intracellular calcium, while the fluorescentlylabeled probe, Nanoprobe1, was used to detect calcium-permeable AMPARs. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis was done to determine RNA editing sites AMPAR isoforms. RESULTS. Glucose deprivation, as well as an OGD insult followed by AMPAR stimulation, produced a significant increase in RGC death. Retinal ganglion cell death was independent of caspase 3/7 activity, but was accompanied by increased mitochondrial depolarization and increased ROS production. This was associated with an elevated intracellular Ca2+ and calcium permeable-AMPARs. The mRNA expression of GLUA2 and GLUA3 flop isoform decreased significantly, while no appreciable changes were found in the corresponding flip isoforms. There were no changes in the Q/R editing of GLUA2, while R/G editing of GLUA2 flop declined under these conditions. CONCLUSIONS. Following oxidative injury, RGCs become more susceptible to AMPAR-mediated excitotoxicity. RNA editing and changes in alternative spliced flip and flop isoforms of AMPAR subunits may contribute to increased RGC death.
AB - PURPOSE. The a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPAR) subunits can be posttranscriptionally modified by alternative splicing forming flip and flop isoforms. We determined if an ischemia-like insult to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) increases AMPAR susceptibility to s-AMPA–mediated excitotoxicity through changes in posttranscriptional modified isoforms. METHODS. Purified neonatal rat RGCs were subjected to either glucose deprivation (GD) or oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions followed by treatment with either 100 lM s- AMPA or Kainic acid. A live–dead assay and caspase 3 assay was used to assess cell viability and apoptotic changes, respectively. We used JC-1 dye and dihydroethidium to measure mitochondria depolarization and reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. Calcium imaging with fura-2AM was used to determine intracellular calcium, while the fluorescentlylabeled probe, Nanoprobe1, was used to detect calcium-permeable AMPARs. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis was done to determine RNA editing sites AMPAR isoforms. RESULTS. Glucose deprivation, as well as an OGD insult followed by AMPAR stimulation, produced a significant increase in RGC death. Retinal ganglion cell death was independent of caspase 3/7 activity, but was accompanied by increased mitochondrial depolarization and increased ROS production. This was associated with an elevated intracellular Ca2+ and calcium permeable-AMPARs. The mRNA expression of GLUA2 and GLUA3 flop isoform decreased significantly, while no appreciable changes were found in the corresponding flip isoforms. There were no changes in the Q/R editing of GLUA2, while R/G editing of GLUA2 flop declined under these conditions. CONCLUSIONS. Following oxidative injury, RGCs become more susceptible to AMPAR-mediated excitotoxicity. RNA editing and changes in alternative spliced flip and flop isoforms of AMPAR subunits may contribute to increased RGC death.
KW - ADAR proteins
KW - AMPA
KW - Cell death
KW - Flip/flop isoforms
KW - RGCs
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84957900577&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1167/iovs.15-18481
DO - 10.1167/iovs.15-18481
M3 - Article
C2 - 26868754
AN - SCOPUS:84957900577
VL - 57
SP - 508
EP - 526
JO - Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
JF - Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
SN - 0146-0404
IS - 2
ER -