Improving diagnostic capabilities of medical students via application of cognitive sciences-derived learning principles

Frank J. Papa, Michael W. Oglesby, David G. Aldrich, Frederick Schaller, Daisha J. Cipher

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: There is limited experimental evidence concerning how best to train students to perform differential diagnosis. We compared 2 different methods for training 2nd-year medical students to perform differential diagnosis (DDX) of heart failure: a traditional classroom-based lecture (control group) versus a cognitive sciences-based approach to DDX instruction implemented through a computer-based tutor (treatment group). Methods: Following random assignment to either group, students were trained for 75 minutes, and then given a 40-item examination comprised of cases that varied along a typicality gradient from prototypical (easy) to less typical (hard). Results: The treatment group diagnosed correctly significantly more test cases than the control group (74% versus 60%, respectively). The treatment group also diagnosed correctly significantly more cases at the extremes of the typicality gradient: 81% versus 65%, respectively, for the prototypical cases; 65% versus 48%, respectively, for the most difficult cases. Conclusion: The ability to perform differential diagnosis is enhanced by training based upon principles of cognitive sciences.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)419-425
Number of pages7
JournalMedical Education
Volume41
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Apr 2007

Keywords

  • *Cognition
  • *Diagnosis, differential
  • *Education, medical
  • Clinical competence/*standards
  • Heart failure, congestive/ *diagnosis
  • Teaching/methods

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