TY - JOUR
T1 - FRET enhanced fluorescent nanodiamonds
AU - Fudala, Rafal
AU - Raut, Sangram
AU - Maliwal, Badri P.
AU - Zerda, T. W.
AU - Gryczynski, Ignacy
AU - Simanek, Eric
AU - Borejdo, Julian
AU - Rich, Ryan
AU - Akopova, Irina
AU - Gryczynski, Zygmunt
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are one of the new and very promising biocompatible nanomaterials that can be used both as a fluorescence imaging agent and a highly versatile platform for controlled functionalization to target and deliver a wide spectrum of therapeutic agents. Among the remarkable fluorescence properties are excellent photostability, emission between 600-700nm, quantum yield of 1 and moderately long fluorescence lifetimes. However the low absorption cross section of fluorescent (N-V)-centers limits FNDs' brightness. In this work we show that an approach based on the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) may significantly enhance the fluorescence signal observed from a single ND. We demonstrate that organic dyes (fluorophores) attached to the FND surface can efficiently transfer the excitation energy to (N-V)-centers. Multiple dyes positioned in close proximity to the ND facile surface may serve as harvesting antennas transferring excitation energy to the fluorescent centers. We propose that, with the help of some of the functional groups present on the FND surface, we can either directly link flurophores or use scalable dendrimer chemistry to position many organic dyes at a calibrated distance. Also, the remaining multiple functional groups will be still available for particle targeting and drug delivery. This opens a new way for designing a new type of theranostics particles of ultrahigh brightness, high photostability, specific targeting, and high capacity for drug delivery.
AB - Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are one of the new and very promising biocompatible nanomaterials that can be used both as a fluorescence imaging agent and a highly versatile platform for controlled functionalization to target and deliver a wide spectrum of therapeutic agents. Among the remarkable fluorescence properties are excellent photostability, emission between 600-700nm, quantum yield of 1 and moderately long fluorescence lifetimes. However the low absorption cross section of fluorescent (N-V)-centers limits FNDs' brightness. In this work we show that an approach based on the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) may significantly enhance the fluorescence signal observed from a single ND. We demonstrate that organic dyes (fluorophores) attached to the FND surface can efficiently transfer the excitation energy to (N-V)-centers. Multiple dyes positioned in close proximity to the ND facile surface may serve as harvesting antennas transferring excitation energy to the fluorescent centers. We propose that, with the help of some of the functional groups present on the FND surface, we can either directly link flurophores or use scalable dendrimer chemistry to position many organic dyes at a calibrated distance. Also, the remaining multiple functional groups will be still available for particle targeting and drug delivery. This opens a new way for designing a new type of theranostics particles of ultrahigh brightness, high photostability, specific targeting, and high capacity for drug delivery.
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Fluorescence nanodiamonds
KW - Forester resonance energy transfer (FRET)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84903699278&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2174/138920101413140605110711
DO - 10.2174/138920101413140605110711
M3 - Article
C2 - 22394126
AN - SCOPUS:84903699278
SN - 1389-2010
VL - 14
SP - 1127
EP - 1133
JO - Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
JF - Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
IS - 13
ER -