@article{f584a68807464960b57a7b4f4eb0e51d,
title = "Electroacupuncture Promotes Central Nervous System-Dependent Release of Mesenchymal Stem Cells",
abstract = "Electroacupuncture (EA) performed in rats and humans using limb acupuncture sites, LI-4 and LI-11, and GV-14 and GV-20 (humans) and Bai-hui (rats) increased functional connectivity between the anterior hypothalamus and the amygdala and mobilized mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the systemic circulation. In human subjects, the source of the MSC was found to be primarily adipose tissue, whereas in rodents the tissue sources were considered more heterogeneous. Pharmacological disinhibition of rat hypothalamus enhanced sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation and similarly resulted in a release of MSC into the circulation. EA-mediated SNS activation was further supported by browning of white adipose tissue in rats. EA treatment of rats undergoing partial rupture of the Achilles tendon resulted in reduced mechanical hyperalgesia, increased serum interleukin-10 levels and tendon remodeling, effects blocked in propranolol-treated rodents. To distinguish the afferent role of the peripheral nervous system, phosphoinositide-interacting regulator of transient receptor potential channels (Pirt)-GCaMP3 (genetically encoded calcium sensor) mice were treated with EA acupuncture points, ST-36 and LIV-3, and GV-14 and Bai-hui and resulted in a rapid activation of primary sensory neurons. EA activated sensory ganglia and SNS centers to mediate the release of MSC that can enhance tissue repair, increase anti-inflammatory cytokine production and provide pronounced analgesic relief. Stem Cells 2017;35:1303–1315.",
keywords = "Adult stem cells, Mesenchymal stem cells, Nervous system, Neurones",
author = "Salazar, {Tatiana E.} and Richardson, {Matthew R.} and Eleni Beli and Ripsch, {Matthew S.} and John George and Youngsook Kim and Yaqian Duan and Leni Moldovan and Yuanqing Yan and Ashay Bhatwadekar and Vaishnavi Jadhav and Smith, {Jared A.} and Susan McGorray and Bertone, {Alicia L.} and Traktuev, {Dmitri O.} and March, {Keith L.} and Colon-Perez, {Luis M.} and Avin, {Keith G.} and Emily Sims and Mund, {Julie A.} and Jamie Case and Xiaolin Deng and Kim, {Min Su} and Bruce McDavitt and Boulton, {Michael E.} and Jeffrey Thinschmidt and {Li Calzi}, Sergio and Fitz, {Stephanie D.} and Fuchs, {Robyn K.} and Warden, {Stuart J.} and Todd McKinley and Anantha Shekhar and Marcelo Febo and Johnson, {Phillip L.} and Chang, {Lung Ji} and Zhanguo Gao and Kolonin, {Mikhail G.} and Song Lai and Jingfeng Ma and Xinzhong Dong and White, {Fletcher A.} and Huisheng Xie and Yoder, {Mervin C.} and Grant, {Maria B.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the Angio BioCore at Indiana University School of Medicine for their work in the human studies, the Flow Cytometry Resource Facility at Indiana University Simon Cancer Center (partially funded by National Cancer Institute Grant P30. CA082709), the OSUCCC Microarray Shared Resource, where the equine GeneChips were processed, and Christopher Brown for his original illustration, the graphical abstract. This work was supported by NIH Grants R01EY012601-15, R01HL11070-03, R01DK090730-04, and R01EY007739-23 (to M.B.G.), U54 DK106846-01 and R01 HL109602 (to M.C.Y.), PR151924 (to M.E.B.), and DK100905, R01DK100905 and 101BX002209 (to F.A.W.), by the St. Vincent Foundation (to F.A.W.) and by the Cryptic Masons{\textquoteright} Medical Research Foundation (to K.L.M. and D.T.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 AlphaMed Press",
year = "2017",
month = may,
doi = "10.1002/stem.2613",
language = "English",
volume = "35",
pages = "1303--1315",
journal = "Stem Cells",
issn = "1066-5099",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "5",
}