TY - JOUR
T1 - Determining the entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions of student pharmacists in iran
AU - Fashami, Fatemeh Mirzayeh
AU - Nili, Mona
AU - Farahani, Ali Vasheghani
AU - Shaikh, Nazneen
AU - Dwibedi, Nilanjana
AU - Suresh Madhavan, S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Objective. To identify factors and entrepreneurial characteristics associated with entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions among Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students in Iran. Methods. First, the Entrepreneurial-Intrapreneurial Pharmacist Questionnaire (EIPQ), which was developed in the United States, was translated from English to Persian. The paper-based Persian-EIPQ questionnaire was then tested in a convenience sample of student pharmacists enrolled in pharmacy schools in Iran. The entrepreneurial characteristics questionnaire was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation. Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach alpha. The association of demographics and educational variables and entrepreneurial characteristics with entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions was determined using a multiple linear regression model. Results. A total of 504 surveys, 98.6% of the completed questionnaires received, were analyzed. A majority of the participants were female (75.8%) and from 18 to 25 years old (92.2%). Entrepreneurial intention had a positive and significant association with risk-taking propensity, leadership self-efficacy, autonomy, achievement motivation, and having an entrepreneur in the family. Intrapreneurial intention had a positive and significant association with risk-taking propensity, leadership self-efficacy, achievement motivation, people liking, attending a private school, and having an entrepreneur in the family. Conclusion. Based on the findings, student pharmacists with higher levels of risk-taking propensity, achievement motivation, leadership self-efficacy, autonomy, and people liking may be more likely to have greater levels of entrepreneurial and/or intrapreneurial intention.
AB - Objective. To identify factors and entrepreneurial characteristics associated with entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions among Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students in Iran. Methods. First, the Entrepreneurial-Intrapreneurial Pharmacist Questionnaire (EIPQ), which was developed in the United States, was translated from English to Persian. The paper-based Persian-EIPQ questionnaire was then tested in a convenience sample of student pharmacists enrolled in pharmacy schools in Iran. The entrepreneurial characteristics questionnaire was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation. Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach alpha. The association of demographics and educational variables and entrepreneurial characteristics with entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions was determined using a multiple linear regression model. Results. A total of 504 surveys, 98.6% of the completed questionnaires received, were analyzed. A majority of the participants were female (75.8%) and from 18 to 25 years old (92.2%). Entrepreneurial intention had a positive and significant association with risk-taking propensity, leadership self-efficacy, autonomy, achievement motivation, and having an entrepreneur in the family. Intrapreneurial intention had a positive and significant association with risk-taking propensity, leadership self-efficacy, achievement motivation, people liking, attending a private school, and having an entrepreneur in the family. Conclusion. Based on the findings, student pharmacists with higher levels of risk-taking propensity, achievement motivation, leadership self-efficacy, autonomy, and people liking may be more likely to have greater levels of entrepreneurial and/or intrapreneurial intention.
KW - Entrepreneurial characteristics
KW - Entrepreneurial intention
KW - Intrapreneurial intention
KW - Iran
KW - Student pharmacists
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101766847&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5688/ajpe8080
DO - 10.5688/ajpe8080
M3 - Article
C2 - 34283737
AN - SCOPUS:85101766847
SN - 0002-9459
VL - 85
SP - 113
EP - 122
JO - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
JF - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
IS - 2
M1 - 8080
ER -