TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical and spatial features of Zika virus in Mexico
AU - Haque, Ubydul
AU - Ball, Jacob D.
AU - Zhang, Wenyi
AU - Khan, Md Mobarak Hossain
AU - Treviño C, Jesús A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Ubydul Haque was supported in part by the Emerging Pathogens Institute at the University of Florida and the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, as part of the University of Florida Pre-eminence Initiative. Md. Mobarak Hossain Khan was supported by King Faisal University . Jacob D. Ball was supported by the SMART Scholarship Program , which is funded by the US Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Education , Defense −Wide/PE0601120D8Z National Defense Education Program (NDEP)/BA-1, Basic Research. The authors appreciate the constructive comments of María Eugenia Jiménez Corona, from the General Directorate of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Mexico.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2016/10/1
Y1 - 2016/10/1
N2 - Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes, the same vectors that transmit dengue virus and chikungunya. Recent work has suggested that prior infection with dengue could lead to more severe clinical disease in ZIKV patients. Here, we describe the spatial distribution of and clinical symptoms experienced by ZIKV cases in Mexico. Methods: We performed Fisher's Exact test and Pearson's Chi-Square tests on data from Mexico's national surveillance system on the demographic and clinical characteristics of ZIKV patients (N = 84), and then a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine demographic risk factors for patients presenting with at least 9 symptoms. We also mapped the cases to describe the spatial distribution of ZIKV in Mexico. Results: Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicate that, controlling for all covariates, sex (male) is a significant protective factor in reporting a high number of symptoms (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.92), and that a one-year increase in age is associated with a 4% increase in odds of having at least 9 symptoms (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08). Spatial analysis revealed more than 50% cases reported within 50 k of railways. Conclusion: We found that sex and age are both significant risk factors for ZIKV infection severity, using number of reported symptoms as a proxy. The presence of cases along railways indicates that transportation networks within Mexico may be relevant for the national and international spread of the disease.
AB - Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes, the same vectors that transmit dengue virus and chikungunya. Recent work has suggested that prior infection with dengue could lead to more severe clinical disease in ZIKV patients. Here, we describe the spatial distribution of and clinical symptoms experienced by ZIKV cases in Mexico. Methods: We performed Fisher's Exact test and Pearson's Chi-Square tests on data from Mexico's national surveillance system on the demographic and clinical characteristics of ZIKV patients (N = 84), and then a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine demographic risk factors for patients presenting with at least 9 symptoms. We also mapped the cases to describe the spatial distribution of ZIKV in Mexico. Results: Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicate that, controlling for all covariates, sex (male) is a significant protective factor in reporting a high number of symptoms (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.92), and that a one-year increase in age is associated with a 4% increase in odds of having at least 9 symptoms (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08). Spatial analysis revealed more than 50% cases reported within 50 k of railways. Conclusion: We found that sex and age are both significant risk factors for ZIKV infection severity, using number of reported symptoms as a proxy. The presence of cases along railways indicates that transportation networks within Mexico may be relevant for the national and international spread of the disease.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84975458989&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.06.010
DO - 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.06.010
M3 - Article
C2 - 27311388
AN - SCOPUS:84975458989
SN - 0001-706X
VL - 162
SP - 5
EP - 10
JO - Acta Tropica
JF - Acta Tropica
ER -