TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterization of anomalous diffusion in porous biological tissues using fractional order derivatives and entropy
AU - Magin, Richard L.
AU - Ingo, Carson
AU - Colon-Perez, Luis
AU - Triplett, William
AU - Mareci, Thomas H.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering grant NIH R01EB007537 , the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke grant R01NS06336 , the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory External Users Program grant ML-MAGIN-001 , and the National Science Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-1157490 between the State of Florida and U.S. Department of Energy.
PY - 2013/9/15
Y1 - 2013/9/15
N2 - In this high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study at 17.6 Tesla of a fixed rat brain, we used the continuous time random walk theory (CTRW) for Brownian motion to characterize anomalous diffusion. The complex mesoporus structure of biological tissues (membranes, organelles, and cells) perturbs the motion of the random walker (water molecules in proton MRI) introducing halts between steps (waiting times) and restrictions on step sizes (jump lengths). When such waiting times and jump lengths are scaled with probability distributions that follow simple inverse power laws (t -(1+α), |x|-(1+β)) non-Gaussian motion gives rise to sub- and super- diffusion. In the CTRW approach, the Fourier transform yields a solution to the generalized diffusion equation that can be expressed by the Mittag-Leffler function (MLF), Eα(-D α,β|q|βΔα. We interrogated both white and gray matter regions in a 1 mm slice of a fixed rat brain (190 l m in plane resolution) with diffusion weighted MRI experiments using b-values up to 25,000 s/mm2, by independently varying q and Δ. When fitting these data to our model, the fractional order parameters, α and β, and the entropy measure, H(q,Δ), were found to provide excellent contrast between white and gray matter and to give results that were sensitive to the type of diffusion experiment performed.
AB - In this high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study at 17.6 Tesla of a fixed rat brain, we used the continuous time random walk theory (CTRW) for Brownian motion to characterize anomalous diffusion. The complex mesoporus structure of biological tissues (membranes, organelles, and cells) perturbs the motion of the random walker (water molecules in proton MRI) introducing halts between steps (waiting times) and restrictions on step sizes (jump lengths). When such waiting times and jump lengths are scaled with probability distributions that follow simple inverse power laws (t -(1+α), |x|-(1+β)) non-Gaussian motion gives rise to sub- and super- diffusion. In the CTRW approach, the Fourier transform yields a solution to the generalized diffusion equation that can be expressed by the Mittag-Leffler function (MLF), Eα(-D α,β|q|βΔα. We interrogated both white and gray matter regions in a 1 mm slice of a fixed rat brain (190 l m in plane resolution) with diffusion weighted MRI experiments using b-values up to 25,000 s/mm2, by independently varying q and Δ. When fitting these data to our model, the fractional order parameters, α and β, and the entropy measure, H(q,Δ), were found to provide excellent contrast between white and gray matter and to give results that were sensitive to the type of diffusion experiment performed.
KW - Anomalous diffusion
KW - Entropy
KW - Fractional calculus
KW - Magnetic resonance
KW - Mittag-Leffler function
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84894904966&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.micromeso.2013.02.054
DO - 10.1016/j.micromeso.2013.02.054
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84894904966
SN - 1387-1811
VL - 178
SP - 39
EP - 43
JO - Microporous and Mesoporous Materials
JF - Microporous and Mesoporous Materials
ER -