TY - JOUR
T1 - Annexin I degradation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from healthy smokers
T2 - A possible mechanism of inflammation
AU - Vishwanatha, Jamboor K.
AU - Davis, Randall G.
AU - Rubinstein, Israel
AU - Floreani, Anthony
PY - 1998/10
Y1 - 1998/10
N2 - Annexin I is a glucocorticoid-inducible, phospholipase A2-inhibitory protein and is proposed to have an antiinflammatory role. Although annexin I is a cytosolic protein, it is found extracellularly in secreted fluids such as semen. We have examined the expression of annexin I in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from smokers and nonsmokers to investigate the role of annexin I in the airway. We find that annexin I is secreted in BALF. This secretion is not due to cell death or damage, because a cytosolic protein, 3- phosphoglycerate kinase, is not seen in BALF. We observed that BALF from smokers (n = 10) had high protein concentrations as compared with BALF from nonsmokers (n = 11). Annexin I levels were higher in BALF from smokers compared with nonsmokers. However, in smokers, annexin I was exclusively found in the M(r) 34,000 form that lacks the Mr 3,000 N-terminal anti- inflammatory peptide. In nonsmokers, both the Mr 37,000 native annexin I and the M(r) 34,000 proteolytically cleaved form are present, with the M(r) 37,000 form being most abundant. The NH2-terminal M(r) 3,000 peptide of annexin I exhibits anti-inflammatory actions (G. Cirino et al., Br. J. Pharmacol., 108: 573-574, 1993). Previous studies have implicated neutrophil elastase as the protease cleaving annexin I to the M(r) 34,000 protein. We observed increased elastase levels in BALF from smokers. However, we find no correlation between bronchial sample percent of neutrophils in BALF and the relative amount of the M(r) 34,000 band generated. Our data clearly demonstrate that annexin I is degraded in BALF from smokers, and we propose that proteolytic cleavage of annexin I in BALF from smokers may be a mechanism by which polymorphonuclear neutrophils infiltrate sites of inflammation; thus, inactivation of annexin I in smokers' lungs may lead to chronic and uncontrolled inflammation.
AB - Annexin I is a glucocorticoid-inducible, phospholipase A2-inhibitory protein and is proposed to have an antiinflammatory role. Although annexin I is a cytosolic protein, it is found extracellularly in secreted fluids such as semen. We have examined the expression of annexin I in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from smokers and nonsmokers to investigate the role of annexin I in the airway. We find that annexin I is secreted in BALF. This secretion is not due to cell death or damage, because a cytosolic protein, 3- phosphoglycerate kinase, is not seen in BALF. We observed that BALF from smokers (n = 10) had high protein concentrations as compared with BALF from nonsmokers (n = 11). Annexin I levels were higher in BALF from smokers compared with nonsmokers. However, in smokers, annexin I was exclusively found in the M(r) 34,000 form that lacks the Mr 3,000 N-terminal anti- inflammatory peptide. In nonsmokers, both the Mr 37,000 native annexin I and the M(r) 34,000 proteolytically cleaved form are present, with the M(r) 37,000 form being most abundant. The NH2-terminal M(r) 3,000 peptide of annexin I exhibits anti-inflammatory actions (G. Cirino et al., Br. J. Pharmacol., 108: 573-574, 1993). Previous studies have implicated neutrophil elastase as the protease cleaving annexin I to the M(r) 34,000 protein. We observed increased elastase levels in BALF from smokers. However, we find no correlation between bronchial sample percent of neutrophils in BALF and the relative amount of the M(r) 34,000 band generated. Our data clearly demonstrate that annexin I is degraded in BALF from smokers, and we propose that proteolytic cleavage of annexin I in BALF from smokers may be a mechanism by which polymorphonuclear neutrophils infiltrate sites of inflammation; thus, inactivation of annexin I in smokers' lungs may lead to chronic and uncontrolled inflammation.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0031755918&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
C2 - 9796991
AN - SCOPUS:0031755918
SN - 1078-0432
VL - 4
SP - 2559
EP - 2564
JO - Clinical Cancer Research
JF - Clinical Cancer Research
IS - 10
ER -