Complex DNA mixtures of two or more contributors can be challenging for the forensic scientist to interpret. My research focuses on issues associated with DNA mixture interpretation and probabilistic methods of interpretation using software analyses. Other areas of research include haploid marker systems for forensic testing (mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome testing), and non-traditional marker systems (e.g. X-chromosomal STRs, insertion-deletion markers, etc.) to gather genetic information from challenged samples.